Since the late 1960s, the AC drive has developed at a tremendous rate. Major advances have been made thanks to developments within the fields of microprocessor and semiconductor technology and the associated price reduction. However, the basic principles of the AC drive remain the same.
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The synchronous motor is defined by the fact that the rotor rotates at the same speed as the magnetic field created by the stator windings. The design of the stator is in many cases similar to that of induction motors, with distributed windings. Some manufacturers use concentric windings (in slot) which enable a more compact motor design and require less copper. The energy savings achieved by the reduced use of copper are however often eaten up by additional losses, which result from harmonics in the air gap flux caused by the construction.
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An electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse process of producing electrical energy from mechanical energy is performed by a generator.
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In 1968, Danfoss was the first company in the world to commence mass production of AC drives, for variable speed control of three- phase induction motors. Today AC drives are an increasingly important component for optimizing motor operation, and the system attached to the motor.
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More and more, electricity is being considered a product. Ideally, the AC voltage wave is a sine wave alternating from a positive peak to a negative peak 60 times per second (60 Hz) without any deformations, spikes or surges. In reality, different factors influence the quality of the wave.
The fusion of the physical world of production with the virtual world of information technology into Industry 4.0 is becoming increasingly important. The requirements placed on automation technology have been clearly defined: Decentralized intelligence and autonomous behavior, open communication standards, quick networkability and context integration in real-time.
Rotary indexing tables have been a mainstay of automation systems for decades.
Whether due to a bustling economy, reshoring, better technology or a skilled- labor shortage, manufacturers are automating more than ever before. According to ASSEMBLY magazine’s annual Capital Equipment Spending Survey, 89 percent of U.S. factories employed manual assembly processes in 2009, while only 17 percent used fixed automation.
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If you ignore the short circuit current rating (SCCR) of an industrial panel it might just go away anyway. By go away I mean that the panel might just self-destruct. If the available current or energy that reaches the panel in the event of a short circuit in the panel exceeds the levels that the panel can safely interrupt or contain, that energy has to go somewhere. It is the unpredictability of what will happen first that makes an insufficient SCCR so dangerous. Maybe the circuit breaker will explode while trying to open or maybe not open at all because the internals have welded shut? What happens then? Maybe the energy will find a path to ground and a shock hazard is created.
As variable frequency drives (VFDs) are becoming the primary go-to solution for motor control, their capability is not something that can be matched. With every new generation comes better performance, smaller size, and greater functionality.
